ADHD can affect learning and social relationships.There are different assessments for ADHD, and for the diagnosis to be confirmed the difficulties must be ongoing, usually from childhood. If the person has a developmental disorder, or is simply having a difficult time, or has other conditions that could explain the difficulties, then they may not meet the criteria for ADHD.What about CVI? This does not mean that everyone with ADHD has CVI, but some will, and we think it is worth checking. Many of the suggestions for CVI, like reducing crowding and complexity, slowing things down, building memories and ensuring emotional and physical wellbeing, will help a person with ADHD behaviours caused by CVI. If the behaviours are not caused by CVI, the suggestions certainly won’t harm, and could still help.

Psychology: Learning Unit: PowerPoint, Guided Notes, Worksheets, Review & Test

This cerebrumiq means that fewer action potentials will reach the effector (the muscle or the gland) which carries out the response. Things like learning to ride a bike or the movement involved in writing will involve a large input from the cerebellum. Neurological ImpairmentThis is a broad term used to mean difficulties are due to a brain disorder. It may be a child or adult.Please take a few minutes to read our short Introduction page about labels.

What declaration outlines the specific factors necessary for the optimal development and wellbeing…

This all happens very early in life and relies on both of our eyes receiving visual input. The period of early life when our brains are developing is called the critical period. During the critical period, synapses that receive visual stimulation and pass on action potentials into the visual cortex are retained and strengthened. Synapses that do not receive visual stimulation, so the neurones between them are not firing, are removed. This means that if visual stimulation does not occur during the critical period (i.e. if a baby is born with cataracts which obscure vision or if they are born in a cave) then their visual cortex will not develop properly because many of the synapses will have been destroyed.

• Bythe 1950s, psychosurgery had whipped up a storm of objections on a variety ofgrounds, not least the difficulty in obtaining genuinely informed medicalconsent in such circumstances see Restak (op cit) for details.
• The key theoretical construct here isJohnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay’s (1993) “source monitoringframework” (SMF).
• Challenging Behaviour / Distressed BehaviourThese terms are sometimes used when a person does not meet the criteria for another condition, typically autism, yet has some of the behaviours affecting both the person and possibly others around them.
• While brain size is important, it is also essential to consider how the brain is protected.
• The number and efficiency of neural connections are just as important as the size of the brain itself.

Mateerand Williams (1991) have studied the effects of frontal lobe injury in childrenand recommend the following classroom management guidelines ….. Othertheorists have highlighted the processes of “reality monitoring”,that is to say, the ability to maintain an accurate internal representation ofthe world and what is going on within it. The key theoretical construct here isJohnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay’s (1993) “source monitoringframework” (SMF).

• I want to understand why my memory is getting worse with age, and what I can do to improve it.
• Evidence for a ‘critical period’ comes from some ethically-dubious experiments on kittens (see below).
• The standard procedure thus isolatesAreas 9, 10, 11, 46, 47, and possibly part of Area 45, whilst the rostralprocedure isolates only Areas 9 and 10 – the prefrontal cortex proper – andleaves the orbital cortex relatively intact compare the two top arrows onFigure 4.
• The development and use of tools further facilitated this shift, providing early humans with better access to resources and a more varied diet.
• Such research has continued to this day, and in this section welook at some of the studies which have cast light on forebrain involvement inmemory functions.

The areas of the brain which light up on the fMRI scan will indicate the brain regions which are involved in facial recognition. FMRI scans are also used in medical diagnosis since they show damaged and diseased parts of the brain. Global Developmental Delay (GDD)Where the term Global Developmental Delay is used, this means that the difficulties are across the whole of development. In practice, this means that many, or more than one area of development is either delayed or not typical. Difficulties across many areas can all get very muddled, and you need to help separate what is causing difficulties and why, to try to match the support for the person. Foe this term the word ‘delay’ is arguably not a good choice, because affected people may not necessarily catch up.See Developmental Delay, above.

The term used to describe the ability of a 25 year old man…

A class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by binding to serotonin reuptake proteins within synapses, blocking the proteins and preventing them from reabsorbing serotonin. When habituation occurs, the action potentials that result from the stimulus dampen down over time. The repeated exposure to the stimulus decreases the amount of calcium ions which enter the presynaptic neurone, which means that fewer vesicles containing neurotransmitters release their contents into the synaptic cleft. This means that there are less neurotransmitters to bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neurone, so less sodium ions channels open in the postsynaptic neurone. Less depolarisation of the membrane occurs, which may not reach the threshold potential.

The ocular dominance columns are arranged within the visual cortex in a repeating alternating pattern (i.e. right, left, right, left, and so on). StimmingStimming is short for self-stimulating behaviour, and is commonly seen in autistic people who may repeatedly make the same movement, like waving a hand or tapping something over and over. The cause is not known, the purpose is not known, and whether the person has any control over the behaviour is not known.